 Site development is fundamental to green building because it is the first step in the design process. Proper site development ensures the best possible use of natural and manufactured amenities. The ideal site is a place where people want to walk. It is located near amenities and public transit, obtains maximum solar and shade benefits, has sufficient sidewalk and the development process minimizes land disturbance and erosion.
A good way to get started with green building may be through infill development. Existing residential areas are generally "walkable" since amenities are often in place and building within established neighborhoods contributes to the preservation of undeveloped green space in other areas. There is less ground disturbance because utilities are generally close and if the site previously housed a building, some of the materials from that building may be reused. Also, urban sites are closer to amenities such as stores, banks and other necessary amenities, reducing the need for carbon dioxide-emitting transportation.
Brownfields, or previously polluted sites, are also worth considering. With proper remediation, they can be made safe for development and the site and surrounding neighborhood can be revitalized through the addition of services. Make sure that the site selected is not part of the natural habitat for any wildlife or animals. Disturbing these areas can seriously affect the ecological population and migration patterns. Also, avoid sites with wetland areas, unless the use of these areas can be offset by the development of additional habitats close to the site.
The more solar exposure a site gets, the better the chance for using solar energy generation, solar water heating or passive solar heating, which uses the sun to heat a building. This allows for optimal solar use and less energy use. Look out for taller buildings and trees that will inhibit sunlight from reaching the building. Southern facing windows are best for passive heating, with east and west exposure being the most difficult to deal with. However, a site with poor solar exposure is not a poor site; it will just require creative building design to take advantage of what exposure there is.
With all these in mind, EnviroCitizen.org has found that you can make a decision about where to build a green building. If there is anything that you are unsure of, hiring a green architect, engineer or planner can help you to make the best decision on a site. It is worth the effort of considering the site because then it can help save money as well as resources.
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